In django it's pretty straightforward, but ruby on rails 3 had me scratching my head for a good long while.
Here's the solution, or at least the parts that were difficult:
the link:
<%= link_to "Comments", show_comments_path( :format => 'js', :comment_id=> session[:id] ), :remote => true %>This whole :remote => true business tells rails 3 that this is an ajax call. The :format param does NOT get passed into the url, but DOES render the response as html, most of the time. Which is to say, rails will run the .js.erb file with the name matching your route.
Here's the route:
match 'show_comments/:comment_id', :to => 'deals#show_comments', :as => :show_comments
So first rails runs the show_comments method from the appropriate controller, which you can use to set state variables for the javascript. Then, whatever is in show_comments.js.erb will be run, and the current page will NOT be reloaded or redirected. No partial needed. No view needed. The controlling method will do all of this as the default return, so no return or render needed either, only the .js.erb file which has your prototype or jquery calls, or whathaveyou.
facepalms: 4 (steady, slow, only slightly infuriating progress)